Introduction: Ligamenvirales is a novel order of viruses that belongs to the class Ligamenviricetes and the phylum Bamfordvirae. This order represents a recent addition to the classification of viruses, characterized by their unique genetic and structural features. Ligamenvirales encompasses a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including bacteria, archaea, and…
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Introduction: Poxviruses are a family of large, complex viruses that possess a unique capability to infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and other animals. These viruses are characterized by their brick-shaped structure and possess a double-stranded DNA genome, making them distinct from other viral families. Poxviruses have been a subject of significant scientific…
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Introduction: The Filoviridae family encompasses a group of viruses that are notorious for their ability to cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and non-human primates. Named for their filamentous, thread-like appearance under electron microscopy, filoviruses have garnered significant attention due to their potential to spark outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality rates. Belonging…
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Introduction: Picornaviruses belong to the Picornaviridae family, a diverse group of small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. Named for their small size (“pico”) and RNA genetic material, picornaviruses are responsible for a range of diseases in humans and animals. This viral family includes notable pathogens such as poliovirus, which causes poliomyelitis; enteroviruses, which can…
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Introduction: Pestivirus, a genus within the family Flaviviridae, comprises significant viral pathogens that primarily affect livestock, with substantial economic and health implications. This genus includes notable species such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), and Border Disease Virus (BDV), each responsible for widespread disease in cattle, pigs, and sheep, respectively.…
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Introduction: Retroviruses constitute a unique family of RNA viruses known for their ability to reverse transcribe their RNA genome into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell’s genome. This distinctive feature distinguishes them from other viruses and has significant implications for their replication cycle, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic applications. Discovered in the mid-20th century,…
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Introduction: Orthomyxoviridae is a family of enveloped RNA viruses known for their ability to cause significant respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. These viruses are responsible for seasonal influenza outbreaks and have also been associated with occasional pandemics throughout history. The Orthomyxoviridae family comprises several genera, including Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, and Thogotovirus,…
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Introduction: Adenoviruses are a group of common viruses that can infect the lining of your eyes, airways, lungs, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system. These viruses are known for causing a variety of illnesses, ranging from mild respiratory infections to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. Discovered in the 1950s, adenoviruses have…
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Introduction: Norovirus, a highly contagious virus, is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis globally. Affecting millions of people each year, it is notorious for its rapid transmission and ability to cause outbreaks in various settings, including schools, cruise ships, healthcare facilities, and restaurants. Norovirus is characterized by its robustness and resistance to common…
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